Edward Hartley Angle died in 1930. In that same year 22 members of the former Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontia met in Chicago and created The Angle Orthodontist with Mrs Angle as Editor-in-Chief. The purpose of the journal was to publish and preserve the papers delivered by the members of this small group. Until relatively recently the belief persisted that publishing in The Angle Orthodontist was restricted to members of the Angle Society. The full early history of the journal is beautifully documented at www.angle.org. Just click on SOCIETY and History. The data
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DOI: 10.2319/070710-384.1
To examine remodeling in bone supporting mini-implants by comparing a no drug (ND) group with a group that received a potent intravenous bisphosphonate in a canine model. Twelve skeletally mature (2- to 3-year-old) male dogs were divided into two groups. Seven dogs were administered 0.1 mg/kg/mo of zoledronic acid (ZA) for 16 weeks, while five age-matched dogs received no drug. Two mini-implants (Tomas, Dentaurum, Newton, Pa) were placed unilaterally in the maxilla and mandible (4 mini-implants per animal × 12 = 48). Serial fluorescent bone labels were administered in vivo. Postmortem, the bone blocks containing the mini-implants were harvested and used for histomorphometric analyses at two regions of interest (adjacent: within 1 mm of interface; distant: 1–4 mm from the interface) supporting the mini-implant. Data were analyzed using mixed models. In general, the ZA group had a significantly lower bone formation rate than the ND group (P < .05) for all jaws/regions except for the adjacent region in the maxilla, P = .12. Despite the reduction, mean intracortical remodeling in the ZA group ranged from 35%–42% per year in the implant adjacent bone. This rate is substantially higher than that reported for noninjured sites in the jaw. Bone remodeling is typically elevated in implant supporting bone. After ZA administration, the healing response represented by elevated turnover in implant supporting bone was diminished but was not abolished.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/062210-339.1
To determine the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment finalized on the maintenance/improvement the upper arch perimeter to assist in the successful eruption of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDCs). The randomized prospective design comprised 64 subjects with PDCs who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: cervical pull headgear (HG); rapid maxillary expansion and cervical pull headgear (RME/HG); or untreated control group (CG). Panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated at the time of initial observation (T1) and after an average period of 18 months (T2). At T2 the success of canine eruption was evaluated. A superimposition study on lateral cephalograms was undertaken to evaluate the T1–T2 changes in the sagittal position of the upper molars in the three groups. The prevalence of successful eruption was 85.7% in the RME/HG group and 82.3% in the HG group. Both these prevalence rates were significantly greater than the success rate in untreated control subjects (36%). The cephalometric superimposition study showed a significant mesial movement of the upper first molars in the CG compared with the HG and RME/HG groups. The use of rapid maxillary expansion and headgear (or headgear alone) in PDC cases increases the success rate of eruption of the canine significantly (almost three times more than in untreated controls).Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/070810-387.1
To determine the differences between manual and cephalometric measurements on different sections of the human skull, which were obtained using computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) analysis and conventional two-dimensional (2D) techniques. Measurements were carried out on 13 dry human skulls, then 2D cephalograms and 3D computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained. Anatomic landmarks were determined and marked with clay before CT images were taken, and the same landmarks were marked with the help of metallic balls and pins for lateral and frontal cephalograms. Manual, lateral/frontal cephalometric, and computer-assisted 3D cephalometric measurements were compared statistically. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests were used to compare the results among the groups. All measurements were statistically insignificant between the computer-assisted 3D and manual measurements. On the other hand, the differences between the conventional 2D and the manual measurements were statistically significant. The greatest amount of magnification was found at the Nasion-Menton distance (14.6%), which was located at the farthest distance from the central x-ray beam in the lateral cephalogram (P < .01). For the same reason, the greatest enlargement (16.2%) was observed in the distance between the zygomaticomaxillary sutures on the conventional frontal cephalogram (P < .01). The computer-aided 3D cephalometric measurements were found to be more accurate than the conventional cephalometric measurements. The results revealed that 3D cephalometric measurements were consistent with the manual measurements. In addition, the magnification and distortion might limit the results of conventional cephalometric measurements.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/071810-413.1
Utilize American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) cast/radiographic evaluation (CRE) to compare a series of 63 consecutive patients, finished with manual wire bending (conventional) treatment, vs a subsequent series of 69 consecutive patients, finished by the same orthodontist using the SureSmile™ (SS) method. Records of 132 nonextraction patients were scored by a calibrated examiner blinded to treatment mode. Age and discrepancy index (DI) between groups were compared by t-tests. A chi-square test was used to compare for differences in sex and whether the patient was treated using braces only (no orthopedic correction). Analysis of covariance tested for differences in CRE outcomes and treatment times, with sex and DI included as covariates. A logarithmic transformation of CRE outcomes and treatment times was used because their distributions were skewed. Significance was defined as P < .05. Compared with conventional finishing, SS patients had significantly lower DI scores, less treatment time (∼7 months), and better CRE scores for first-order alignment-rotation and interproximal space closure; however, second-order root angulation (RA) was inferior. SS patients were treated in less time to better CRE scores for first-order rotation (AR) and interproximal space closure (IC) but on the average, malocclusions were less complex and second order root alignment was inferior, compared with patients finished with manual wire bending.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/060510-307.1
To describe radiographic changes caused by molar intrusion with or without retention methods in rats. Thirty 12-week-old male rats were assigned to six groups (n = 5 each). Molar intrusion was achieved with an intrusion spring to two maxillary molars for 2 weeks. The control group underwent the same experimental conditions, but without the intrusion spring. The intrusion and control groups were then euthanized. In four groups, the intrusion spring was disengaged after intrusion and the new molar positions were either retained or not with an occlusal bite-block for 1 or 2 weeks. Radiographic changes were measured in the cusp tip, root apices, and alveolar crests. After 2 weeks of intrusion, the cusp tip and root apices had moved apically compared with the control group. However, the alveolar crests were similar in the intrusion and control groups. With retention bite-block, the new position of the intruded cusp tip was maintained, but the root apices had moved occlusally, and the alveolar crest between the two intruded molars had moved apically. Without retention, the cusp tip and root apices had moved occlusally, and the alveolar crest between the intruded molar and unintruded molars had moved occlusally compared with the intrusion group. Rat molars were successfully intruded and maintained at the altered position with retention bite-block. However, the apical root resorption was observed as an instant response. The alveolar crest adjacent to the intruded molars was repositioned apically, but that was a delayed response compared to root resorption.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/061710-111.1
To assess the influence of different dentoskeletal patterns on the availability of interradicular spaces and to determine the safe zones for miniscrew implant placement. Periapical radiographs of 60 subjects with skeletal Class I, II, or III patterns were examined. For each interradicular site, the areas and distances at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 mm from the alveolar crest were measured. In the maxilla, the greatest interradicular space was between the second premolar and the first molar. In the mandible, the greatest interradicular space was between the first and second molars, followed by the first and second premolars. Significant differences in interradicular spaces among the skeletal patterns were observed. Maxillary interradicular spaces, particularly between the first and second molars, in the subjects with skeletal Class II patterns, were greater than those in the subjects with skeletal Class III patterns. In contrast, in the mandible, interradicular spaces in the subjects with skeletal Class III patterns were greater than those in the subjects with skeletal Class II patterns. For all skeletal patterns, the safest zones were the spaces between the second premolar and the first molar in the maxilla, and between the first and second premolars and between the first and second molars in the mandible.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/072610-437.1
To compare Hawley with vacuum-formed retainers. Eighty-two patients who had received treatment with upper and lower fixed appliances were randomly assigned either a Hawley or a vacuum-formed retainer. Study models were fabricated for each patient on day of debond and 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months after debond. Using a specially constructed pantograph, four variables were measured for each set of models at each of these time periods. These were upper and lower intermolar widths, intercanine widths, arch length, and a modified Little's index of irregularity. Method error was determined by repeating the measurements on 10 sets of models. For each of the variables under test and at each of the four time periods, there were no statistically significant differences (α = .05) between each of the two retainers, vacuum-formed and Hawley. The degree of relapse that is likely to occur following a course of fixed appliance therapy is unlikely to be affected by the choice of retainer, vacuum-formed or Hawley. Therefore, when deciding on the type of retainer to be fitted following fixed appliance therapy, other factors such as cost may play a more significant role.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/070110-369.1
To evaluate the stress pattern in the craniofacial skeleton in a patient with unilateral cleft deformity of the secondary palate and alveolus in response to various techniques of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Three patient-specific composite skull models were developed for finite element model analysis. The details of the modeling procedure have been described in Part I of this series. The finite element analysis was performed on each model with a specified SARME technique in combination with RME using Abaqus (6.7). The ideal form of surgery in SARME for patients with unilateral cleft deformity of the secondary palate and alveolus would be complete unilateral LeFort I with pterygoid dysjunction in combination with midpalatal split, followed by isolated midpalatal split and zygomatic buttress osteotomies. A more invasive SARME technique can significantly reduce the resultant stresses. However, this benefit should be weighed against the risk of increasing complications associated with more extensive surgeries. When a more conservative surgical technique is selected, it would be preferable to perform a midpalatal split rather than zygomatic buttress osteotomies, as indicated by the stress-strain distribution and displacement pattern associated with different SARME techniques.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/071910-418.1
To investigate the effects of force magnitude on three-dimensional alveolar trabecular bone structure and root resorption. Twenty-two 11-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups that received a mesially directed orthodontic force to the upper right first molars at different magnitudes of force, 30 g or 100 g, for 2 weeks. The contralateral molars served as controls. The teeth and alveolar bone around the teeth were dissected from the sacrificed animals and were scanned with micro-computed tomography (CT). Structural properties of the trabecular bone and resorption crater volume on the mesial roots of the maxillary first molars were analyzed. The bone volume fraction of the 30 g group and the 100 g group increased significantly in both groups, and trabecular separation of the 100 g group decreased significantly compared with controls (P < .05). The total root resorption volume in all experimental groups and the resorption volume of the lower distal surface in the 100 g group increased significantly compared with controls (P < .01). The volume of the upper mesial root surface in the 30 g group increased significantly compared with the 100 g group and controls (P < .05). The alveolar trabecular bone was denser after orthodontic force was applied for 14 days. The effects of 30 g and 100 g orthodontic forces on root resorption were different at the upper mesial and lower distal surfaces of the mesial roots of maxillary first molars.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/082610-499.1
To describe the correlation between the skeletal changes induced by maxillary protraction treatment and the sagittal airway dimension associated with tongue, soft palate, and hyoid bone position in skeletal Class III children. Twenty Class III patients (5 boys, 15 girls; mean age, 9.4 ± 1.8 years) treated with a maxillary protraction appliance were included in this study. Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs were analyzed; linear and angular measurements were performed by an expert orthodontist. The correlation between treatment changes in craniofacial morphology and those in upper airway, tongue, soft palate, and hyoid position was evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis. A significant increase in maxillary forward displacement, inhibition of mandibular forward growth, and clockwise rotation of the mandible were observed. Simultaneously, nasopharyngeal airway measurements PNS-ad1 and PNS-ad2 significantly increased by 1.4 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively. A correlation analysis revealed that maxillary protraction had a positive relationship with PNS-ad1 and PNS-ad2. The nasopharyngeal airway dimensions can be improved in the short term with maxillary protraction in skeletal Class III children.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/063010-362.1
To test the hypothesis that the capability of two-dimensional lateral cephalogram in recognizing pharyngeal obstruction is poor compared with the capability of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical observation of tonsillar size. The study participants were 36 prepubertal children (19 male, 17 female; mean age 7.3 ± 1.43 years, range 4.8–9.8 years) with sleep-disordered breathing diagnosed by nocturnal polygraphy. Pharyngeal airway was imaged with a low-field open-configuration MRI scanner. Tonsillar size was clinically determined and lateral skull radiographs were taken and measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the clinical, cephalometric, and MRI variables. Nasopharyngeal and retropalatal cephalometric variables had a significant positive correlation with the MRI findings. Both techniques showed the narrowest measurement to be located in the retropalatal region. Clinical assessment of tonsillar size correlated inversely with MRI findings such as minimal retropalatal cross-sectional airway area (P = .000), minimal retroglossal cross-sectional airway area (P = .015), and intertonsillar airway width (P = .000). Cephalometric soft palate and tonsillar area correlated with clinical tonsillar size (P = .001). The hypothesis is rejected. The findings confirm that the lateral cephalogram is a valid method for measuring dimensions of the nasopharyngeal and retropalatal region. When evaluating oropharyngeal size, clinical assessment of tonsillar size is a relatively reliable method.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/090710-525.1
To investigate the upper airways for anteroposterior width against different growth patterns and for alterations during various Class II treatments. Cephalograms from three treatment groups (headgear, activator, and bite-jumping appliance) were evaluated by a single investigator at baseline and at the end of orthodontic treatment. Cephalograms were used to determine upper airway width at different levels in the anteroposterior plane. Patients in the headgear group were additionally divided into six subsets on the basis of y-axis values to assess the influence of different growth patterns. Small increases in pharyngeal width were noted at all vertical level segments, both at baseline and during orthodontic treatments. No significant differences in these small increases were noted across various treatment modalities and growth patterns. Upper airway changes did not significantly vary with the different treatment modalities investigated in the present study. Nevertheless, reductions in pharyngeal width potentially triggering or exacerbating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are always possible in the headgear phase.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/060310-302.1
To evaluate whether plain lateral cephalometric radiographs in the neutral position could be used as a diagnostic tool to investigate changes in the cervical spine related to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 82 subjects, 21 males and 61 females (8–25 years old), affected with JIA were revised and compared with 82 healthy control subjects matched in age and gender. Changes inspected in the cervical spine were erosions of the dens and fusion of the apophyseal joints. Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation of the first vertebra in relation to the second was examined by measuring the anterior atlanto-dens interval (aADI). Atlantoaxial impaction (AAI) was studied by using the Sakaguchi-Kauppi method. In the JIA sample, erosion was seen in 14.7%, (12 patients), of the patients and apophyseal joint ankylosis (fusion) in 18.3%, (15 patients). Three children and one adult had aADI more than 4.5 or 3 mm, respectively, which is considered to be abnormally increased, and AAI was noted in 13.0% of the subjects. In total, 35%, (29 children), of the children with JIA showed one or several radiographically visible changes as described earlier. Two of the control subjects showed ankylosis of the apophyseal joints, and one had aADI of 4 mm. Compared with the controls, significantly more changes were found in the JIA group. It can be concluded that arthritic changes in the cervical spine can be detected at a young age on plain lateral cephalometric radiographs and should be evaluated when available.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/082010-489.1
To investigate the effects of an experimentally-induced increase in the occlusal vertical dimension (iOVD) on the functional characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mechanoreceptors in rats. Sixty 13-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into control and iOVD groups (30 animals each). The vertical dimension between the maxillary and mandibular molars in the iOVD group was increased by 2.0 mm with a build-up of resin on the maxillary molars. Single-unit activities of TMJ mechanoreceptors were evoked by passive jaw movement. Recording was performed from the gasserian ganglion 1 day and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after the establishment of iOVD. Compared with the control group, the firing threshold was significantly lower at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after iOVD in the iOVD group. There were no significant differences in the firing threshold at 1 day, or 7 or 9 weeks. The maximum instantaneous firing frequency was significantly higher at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after iOVD in the iOVD group, but there were no significant differences at 1 day, or 7 or 9 weeks. There were no significant differences in the average firing frequency during the experimental period. The present study findings suggest that TMJ mechanoreceptors in adult rats may ultimately adapt to iOVD.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/091910-545.1
To test the null hypotheses that there are no significant differences in craniofacial structures and orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 31 low angle (mean age, 14.0 ± 2.0 years; range, 10.3–16.5 years), 40 high angle (mean age, 12.7 ± 1.6 years; range, 10.1–16.2 years), and 33 normal growth (mean age, 13.9 ± 1.3 years; range, 11.2–16.8 years) subjects with Class I malocclusion were examined. In total, 34 measurements (27 craniofacial and 7 orofacial airways) were evaluated. Groups were constituted according to the SN-MP angle. Group differences were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test, at the P < .05 level. According to ANOVA, only 5 of the 27 craniofacial measurements showed no statistically significant differences among different growth patterns. For orofacial airway measurements, statistically significant differences were found in nasopharyngeal airway space (P < .01), palatal tongue space (P < .05), upper posterior airway space (PAS) (P < .05), and tongue gap (P < .001). No statistically significant orofacial airway differences were determined between low angle and normal growth subjects. High angle subjects had a larger tongue gap than those with normal and low angles (P < .01). Additionally, nasopharyngeal airway space (P < .01) and upper PAS (P < .05) measurements were larger and palatal tongue space (P < .05) was narrower in low angle than in high angle subjects. The null hypotheses were rejected. Significant differences in craniofacial morphology and orofacial airway dimensions of Class I subjects with different growth patterns were identified.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/082910-503.1
To analyze dentofacial characteristics of temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ ID) in orthodontic patients with oversized mandible (skeletal Class III pattern). The sample consisted of 66 women whose mandibular body length to anterior cranial base ratio is greater than 1.12. They were divided into three groups based on magnetic resonance images of bilateral TMJs: bilateral normal disk position (BN), bilateral disk displacement with reduction (DDR), and bilateral disk displacement without reduction (DDNR). Thirty-five cephalometric variables regarding their lateral cephalograms were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate differences in dentofacial morphology among the three groups. Subjects with TMJ ID had a clockwise rotation of the ramus, with backward position of mandible, labial tipping of mandibular incisors, and protrusion of upper and lower lips. However, TMJ ID did not significantly influence vertical skeletal relationships. Most of the significant dentofacial changes were found between BN and DDR, and dentofacial changes between DDR and DDNR were minimal. This study suggests that dentofacial changes associated with TMJ ID begin to appear when TMJ ID develops to DDR from BN in patients with oversized mandible.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/070510-379.1
To evaluate the force-deflection behavior of six beta-titanium wires using a three-point bending test. The wires timolium (TIM), titanium molybdenum (ORG), beta titanium (BETA), resolve (RES), titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA), and TMA low friction (TMAL) were adapted into two stainless steel brackets, with no angulation or torque. Both brackets were bonded to an acrylic jig with a 10-mm interbracket distance. A testing machine (Instron) applied deflections of 0.2 to 2.0 mm. Force-deflection diagrams were determined from a passive position to an activation of 2 mm and then during deactivation. Forces of activation and deactivation at a deflection of 1 mm were compared by analysis of variance. Results demonstrated that significant differences (P < .05) in force were observed among wires. During activation, forces for the wires were ranked from lowest to highest as TMAL = TMA = RES<ORG = BETA<TIM. During deactivation, forces for the wires were ranked from lowest to highest as TIM<ORG = BETA<RES = TMA<TMAL. The wires exhibited similar activation-deactivation diagrams. This study revealed significant differences in force during activation and deactivation among the six types of beta-titanium wires tested.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/042810-232.1
To evaluate the friction force in sliding systems composed of coated NiTi archwires, coated NiTi subjected to thermal cycling, and coated NiTi subjected to acid solution immersion, and compare them to NiTi and polymeric wires. The null hypothesis is that there will be no difference among the wires as to friction force. Samples of NiTi (n = 05), coated NiTi (n = 15), and OPTIS (n = 05) 0.016 inches in diameter and 50 mm long, in conjunction with Metafasix ligatures and saliva in InVu brackets, were submitted to friction testing. Among the 15 coated NiTi samples, 5 were submitted to thermal cycling for 3000 cycles; the other 5 samples were immersed in acid solution for 30 days. The results were statistically analyzed at P > .05 or P > .01. Microscopic analysis was performed in the coated NiTi wires before and after thermal cycling and acid solution immersion. The mean (± standard deviation) maximum friction force for NiTi, coated NiTi, and OPTIS was 105.20 ± (2.63); 99.65 ± (0.64); 59.76 ± (4.93) (P = .000), respectively. There was no significant difference in NiTi, coated NiTi, and acid-immersed coated NiTi (P > .05). Among the thermal-cycled or acid-immersed coated NiTi wires there was lower friction force in those undergoing thermal cycling (P = .001). The coated NiTi and the OPTIS presented homogeneous surfaces, whereas NiTi wires presented a heterogeneous surface. Fractures were observed in the coated NiTi wires that underwent thermal cycling. OPTIS, thermal-cycled coated NiTi, coated NiTi, NiTi, and acid-immersed coated NiTi presented, respectively, increasing values of maximum friction force.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/090510-520.1
To compare the effects of fluoride and casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing topical agents on shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets bonded to demineralized enamel. Eighty freshly extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group was the control, and no pretreatment was performed on this group. In the remaining three groups, demineralization process was performed and teeth were stored in artificial saliva. In group II, bonding was performed after demineralization. Pretreatment with fluoride and CPP-ACP gels was performed in groups III and IV, respectively. Brackets were bonded using a conventional system. The SBS of these brackets was measured and recorded in MPa. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the brackets failed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey, and G-tests at the P < .05 level. ANOVA comparison of four groups revealed statistically significant differences. No significant differences were found between control and CPP-ACP–treated groups. However, lower SBS values were recorded for group II (6.6 ± 3.9 MPa) and group III (17.1 ± 2.9 MPa). ARI scores were significantly different among the four groups (P < .001). No enamel detachment was found in the control group, and enamel detachment measured 75% for group II. Fluoride and CPP-ACP gel applications showed higher debonding forces compared to bonding in untreated demineralized samples. CPP-ACP pretreatment resulted in comparable SBS values compared with the control group.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/090310-518.1
To test if the addition of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) might influence the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of two different conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) used for band cementation. Two commercial brands of conventional GICs were used: Ketac Cem Easymix (3M/ESPE, St Paul, Minn) and Meron (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). The cements were manipulated in their original composition and also with 10% and 18% CHD in the liquid to create a total of six groups. Diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, microhardness, shear bond strength, and antibacterial effects in 5, 45, and 65 days against Streptococcus mutans were tested in all groups, and the data were submitted to statistical analyses. There were no significant differences between the groups of the same material in diametral tensile, compressive strength, and shear bond strength (P > .05). There was significant improvement in the microhardness to the Ketac Cem Easymix (P < .001). GICs with the addition of CHD showed significant inhibition of S. mutans growth in comparison with the control groups at the three time points evaluated (P < .001). The addition of 18% CHD resulted in higher bacterial inhibition (P < .001). The addition of chlorhexidine digluconate to conventional GICs does not negatively modify the mechanical properties and may increase the antibacterial effects around the GICs even for relatively long periods of time.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/070110-367.1
To assess the skeletal and dental effects of rapid maxillary expansion in a patient with unilateral cleft deformity of secondary palate and alveolus using the finite element method. A patient-specific composite skull model was developed from a patient computed tomographic scan and a surface scan of the patient's maxillary cast using MIMICS imaging analysis software. For volumetric meshing and the finite element analysis, Abaqus (6.7) was used. The typical wedge-shaped opening that occurs after RME, seen in non-cleft patients, is not seen in cleft patients. A clockwise rotation of the maxilla as a result of maxillary expansion was evident. The areas of maximum stress were the intact primary palate region, inferior orbital foramen of the non-cleft and the cleft sides, and the zygomatic buttress of the cleft side. During expansion, the intact primary palate showed high stress and acted as a region of major resistance, followed by the zygomatic buttress on the cleft side. Clinicians should consider a need for customization of expansion therapy for cleft patients depending on the patient's age, the type of cleft present (primary or secondary palate), and the desired area of expansion (anterior or posterior).Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/071810-412.1
To test the hypothesis that short curing times using a high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) or high-power halogen are not associated with compromised shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets before and after thermocycling. Two hundred forty extracted human premolar teeth were divided into six groups of 40 each. Metal brackets were bonded using a light-cured composite (Transbond XT). In group 1 a conventional halogen light (Hilux) was used for 40 seconds. In groups 2, 3, and 4 a high-power halogen light (Swiss Master) was used for 2, 3, and 6 seconds, respectively. In groups 5 and 6 a high-intensity LED (Bluephase) was used for 10 and 20 seconds, respectively. After bonding, half of the specimens in each group were thermocycled, and all specimens were tested for SBS. After debonding, the bracket bases and the enamel surfaces were scored according to the Adhesive Remnant Index. Two-way analysis of variance detected significant differences in SBS values with respect to curing method (type of light-curing unit and curing time) (P = .0001) and thermocycling (P = .01). Tukey post hoc analysis showed that with or without thermocycling the mean SBS values of groups 1, 4, 5, and 6 were not significantly different, whereas group 2 showed the lowest SBS values. The predominant failure site for groups 2 and 3 was between the bracket and the adhesive and for groups 4, 5, 6 it was at the tooth/adhesive interface. Curing time can be reduced to 6 seconds with high-power halogen light and to 10 seconds with high-intensity LED without compromising in vitro SBS of metal brackets.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/101510-606.1
To determine whether exposure to pretreatment photographs of themselves influenced patients' self-perception of dentofacial attractiveness and willingness to undergo treatment. A total of 100 subjects of white ancestry aged 18 years or older (Study Group) and 100 sex- and age-matched controls (Control Group) were selected. Photographs of the frontal view of the face and the profile view of the face, both at rest and while smiling, were taken of each participant. Only Study Group subjects were given a printed copy of their own images to be examined at home between the initial observation (T0) and a set date an average of 30 days later (T1). Each of the 200 subjects in the study completed a questionnaire at T0 and T1 exploring happiness regarding their smiles and their facial profiles, as well as willingness to undergo treatment. At T1 in the Study Group, 50% of subjects responded with a lower opinion of their facial profiles than at T0; 11% and 45% were willing to undergo more comprehensive procedures to change the appearance of their smiles and profiles, respectively. No statistically significant change was seen in questionnaire answers between T0 and T1 for the Control Group. Laypeople generally are not aware of their facial profiles. Pretreatment photograph exposure can increase profile self-awareness, an important factor in reducing the discrepancy between orthodontists' and patients' visual emphasis on dentofacial esthetics.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/092010-547.1
To determine compliance with oral hygiene instructions (OHI) of adolescents receiving two-arch multibracket fixed appliances and identify its predictive factors. Forty-one patients in a longitudinal study were provided standardized OHI and assessed at baseline: before bonding (T0mo), approximately 30 days after bonding (T1mo), and approximately 150 days (T5mo) after bonding straight-wire appliances simultaneously in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Oral hygiene (OH) performance was measured using plaque and gingival indices. Compliance predictors were identified from questionnaires administered to patients and their parents and from patients' charts. OH performance worsened from T0mo to T1mo but then improved from T1mo to T5mo. At T5mo, 73% of the sample had good OH. Univariate analyses found perceived severity of malocclusion, school performance, and parental marital status to be significant predictors of good OH performance at T5mo. Multiple logistic regressions identified having married parents and good academic performance in school as significant predictors. In the sample studied, after initially worsening, compliance with OHI improved at 5 months after bonding. Adolescents with married parents and those reporting good academic performance in school were found more likely to have complied with OHI provided at baseline and to perform better OH.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/091710-541.1
To assess the informational value, intention, source, and bias of videos related to orthodontics screened by the video-sharing Internet platform YouTube. YouTube (www.youtube.com) was scanned in July 2010 for orthodontics-related videos using an adequately defined search term. Each of the first 30 search results of the scan was categorized with the system-generated sorts “by relevance” and “most viewed” (total: 60). These were rated independently by three assessors, who completed a questionnaire for each video. The data were analyzed statistically using Friedman's test for dependent samples, Kendall's tau, and Fleiss's kappa. The YouTube scan produced 5140 results. There was a wide variety of information about orthodontics available on YouTube, and the highest proportion of videos was found to originate from orthodontic patients. These videos were also the most viewed ones. The informational content of most of the videos was generally judged to be low, with a rather poor to inadequate representation of the orthodontic profession, although a moderately pro-orthodontics stance prevailed. It was noticeable that the majority of contributions of orthodontists to YouTube constituted advertising. This tendency was not viewed positively by the majority of YouTube users, as was evident in the divergence in the proportions when sorting by “relevance” and “most viewed.” In the light of the very large number of people using the Internet as their primary source of information, orthodontists should recognize the importance of YouTube and similar social media Web sites in the opinion-forming process, especially in the case of adolescents.Abstract
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DOI: 10.2319/051710-263.1
To investigate the impact of the anterior teeth display during smiling (ATDDS) on the self-perceived psychosocial impacts of malocclusion in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 301 adolescents (mean age 16.1 years, SD 1.8 years; 58.1% female). Two instruments were used for data collection: (1) the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and (2) the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). In addition, ATDDS was assessed in posing smiling, and adolescents' satisfaction with their dental appearance was investigated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Significant associations were observed between independent variables (ATDDS, DAI scores, and satisfaction with dental appearance) and total PIDAQ score (R2 = 0.37) and dental self-confidence (R2 = 0.37), psychological impact (R2</emph> = 0.30), esthetic concern (R2</emph> = 0.20), and social impact (R2</emph> = 0.15). The excessive anterior teeth display during smiling may potentially influence the self-perceived psychosocial impacts of malocclusion in adolescents depending on the severity level of malocclusion and the self-reported satisfaction with dental appearance.Abstract
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Case Report
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DOI: 10.2319/031110-141.1
One of the characteristics of diabetes mellitus is the exaggerated inflammatory response. The present report shows the reaction from the use of a rapid maxillary expander in a diabetic patient. A 9-year-old child presented an uncommon reaction to the treatment with a rapid maxillary expander, and on follow-up examination, it was discovered that the patient had diabetes mellitus. After controlling the disease, the proposed treatment was used without further incidents. The case calls attention to the presence of uncommon responses to treatment and the need for the orthodontist to suspect a patient's systemic compromise.Abstract
Academic Opportunities
This listing of academic opportunities is provided as a free service to the profession and the community. Rank: Orthodontic Residency Program Dir. University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Dept. of Orthodontics, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 Contact: Dr. Chung How Kau, (205) 934-1289 FAX: (205) 975-7590 e-mail: ckau@uab.edu Rank: 2 Orthodontic Instructors University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Dept. of Orthodontics, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 Contact: Dr. Chung How Kau, (205) 934-1289 FAX: (205) 975-7590 e-mail: ckau@uab.edu Rank: Graduate Program Director Full-time position Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Program for Advanced Education in OrthodonticsALABAMA
CALIFORNIA
Lip incompetence resolved by active vertical control in nonsurgical treatment of a protrusion case with vertical maxillary excess
Johnny JL Liaw,
Jae Hyun Park,
Fang Fang Tsai,
Betty MY Tsai, and
Wendy WT Liao
Changes in glenoid fossa of adult female patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion during premolar extraction treatment and mini-implant anchorage: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Xiao-Chuan Fan,
Lin-Sha Ma,
Marco Aoqi Rausch,
Li Chen,
Qing Zhang,
Diwakar Singh,
Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, and
Xiao-Feng Huang
Differences in the cooperation of teenagers for orthodontic treatment: Z Generation versus Y Generation
Nitsan Miron,
Nir Shpack,
Michael V. Joachim, and
Amir Laviv
Miniscrew-assisted slow palatal expansion with bone borne expander in adult patients: a case control study on consecutively treated patients
Niki Arveda,
Marco Migliorati,
Anna De Mari,
Filippo Forin Valvecchi,
Irene Schiavetti,
Fabio Annarumma,
Giovanni Battista, and
Hussein Aghazada
Influence of personalized replacement protocol and low-level laser therapy combined with vibration on tooth movement rate and tooth movement accuracy in clear aligner treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Zeyao Miao,
Liling Ren,
Haijuan Zhang,
Chengdong Zheng,
Yuxuan Yang,
Jinyuan Zhu,
Yandong Han, and
Shuang Wang
eISSN: 1945-7103 | ISSN: 0003-3219
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