What do we know about the orthodontic root resorption phenomenon? Our answer is: not very much. Actually, practically, almost nothing. Yes, almost nothing. When we say almost nothing we mean that we know a lot about the ‘other process' that takes place around the roots during orthodontic treatment, but almost nothing about the one that occurs in the apical region and is responsible for the root shortening phenomenon. For several years we have tried to convince the profession that data from short term studies cannot be extrapolated to long term treatments. Only recently, we have seen in the literature some
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DOI: 10.2319/073118-553.1
To compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among patients treated with aligners and those treated with traditional braces. A group of 244 aligner patients (30.4 ± 14 years) was compared to a group of 206 patients (29.2 ± 11.5 years) treated with traditional fixed braces. Consecutive cases in the late mixed or permanent dentitions who had high-quality pre- and posttreatment digital photographs available were included in the study. Each set of photographs was independently evaluated by two investigators to determine pretreatment oral hygiene (OH), fluorosis, and WSLs, as well as changes in OH and WSLs during treatment. Approximately 1.2% of the aligner patients developed WSLs, compared to 26% of the traditionally treated patients. The numbers of WSLs that developed were also significantly (P < .001) less among the aligner patients. The aligner patients developed three new WSLs, while the traditionally treated patients developed 174 WSLs. The incidence of WSLs was greater for the maxillary than for the mandibular teeth, and it was greater for the canines than for the incisors. For the patients treated with traditional braces, fair or poor pretreatment OH, worsening of OH during treatment, preexisting WSLs, and longer treatment duration significantly (P < .05) increased the risk of developing WSLs during treatment. Patients treated with aligners have less risk of developing WSLs than do patients treated with traditional braces, which could be partially due to shorter treatment duration, or better pretreatment OH.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/051818-371.1
To determine the effect of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI-Paste Plus on the formation of white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Three prospective groups with 40 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in each group were evaluated (total recruitment = 120 subjects). The selected product was brushed on for 2 minutes twice daily for 4 months. Subjects were reviewed for 4 months on a monthly basis. The Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) was used to determine the number of white spot lesions per surface at each visit. 100 subjects (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lend strong support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus. The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Crème, and MI paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. Clinpro 5000 has a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding the effectiveness of using fluoride dentifrice products to prevent white spot lesions in their orthodontic practice (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03440996).ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/041218-274.1
To compare the esthetic improvement between postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) treated by resin infiltration and microabrasion for 12 months. A total of 20 patients with 128 teeth with postorthodontic WSLs were recruited. A simple randomized, split-mouth, positive controlled design was used to allocate patients to resin infiltration or microabrasion groups. The lesion area ratio (R value) was calculated between the area of a WSL and the labial surface of the corresponding tooth based on standardized clinical photographs. The color change (ΔE) of each tooth was measured with a Crystaleye spectrophotometer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Every measurement was taken before treatment (T0) and at different time points after treatment: 1 week (T1), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12). A total of 16 patients with 108 trial teeth were available at T12. Each group had 54 trial teeth. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in R value and ΔE between T1 and T0 (P < .0001). In the infiltration group, the R value and ΔE had no significant changes over time from T1 to T12. In the microabrasion group, the R value and ΔE decreased significantly from T1 to T6. The R value of resin infiltration was lower when compared with microabrasion at every recall point (P < .001). The ΔE had no significant differences between the two groups at any timepoint. Resin infiltration and microabrasion improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs and showed sufficient durability for 12 months. Resin infiltration showed a better esthetic improvement effect when compared with microabrasion at 12 months.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/022618-159.1
To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse. This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment. Both groups were instructed to use their products at least twice daily. At baseline, week 1, and week 4, plaque was evaluated using digital plaque imaging analysis and a conventional subjective index. Gingival inflammation and bleeding were also measured. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups. Fifty-one participants (mean age = 13.9 years) were randomized; 50 (25 per group) completed the study. At baseline, group means were not statistically different (P > .1) for gingival inflammation or bleeding. At week 4, the experimental and control groups had a 10.0% to 32.7% and 5.9% to 6.7% reduction vs baseline, respectively, in plaque (across both methods); 12.6% and 8.3% reduction, respectively, in gingival inflammation; and 50.6% and 37.8% reduction, respectively, in bleeding. At week 4, group differences favoring the experimental group were statistically significant (P < .05) for gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque (by conventional and digital imaging indexes). Use of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse resulted in statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than prophylaxis followed by manual brushing in patients with fixed appliances over 4 weeks.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/080317-520.1
To compare the plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with an orthodontic brush head versus a sonic toothbrush in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. This was a randomized, examiner-blind, replicate single-use, two-treatment, four-period, crossover study with a washout period between visits of approximately 24 hours. Forty-four adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in both arches were randomized based on a computer-generated randomization schedule to one of four toothbrush treatment sequences. The primary outcome was plaque score change from baseline, measured using digital plaque imaging analysis. Baseline plaque levels for both brush treatments were high, covering more than 50% of the tooth area. Effective plaque removal was observed with both brush treatments (P < .001); however, the reduction in plaque with the oscillating-rotating toothbrush was statistically significantly greater (P = .017) compared with the sonic toothbrush. The study provides evidence for more effective plaque-removing efficacy of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus the sonic toothbrush among orthodontic patients.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/062018-468.1
To evaluate the use of direct miniplate anchorage in conjunction with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Forty-eight females with skeletal Class II were randomly allocated to the Forsus plus miniplates (FMP) group (16 patients, age 12.5 ± 0.9 years), Forsus alone (FFRD; 16 patients, age 12.1 ± 0.9 years), or the untreated control group (16 subjects, age 12.1 ± 0.9 years). After leveling and alignment, miniplates were inserted in the mandibular symphysis in the FMP group. The FFRD was inserted directly on the miniplates in the FMP group and onto the mandibular archwires in the FFRD group. The appliances were removed after reaching an edge-to-edge incisor relationship. Data from 46 subjects were analyzed. The effective mandibular length significantly increased in the FMP group only (4.05 ± 0.78). The mandibular incisors showed a significant proclination in the FFRD group (9.17 ± 2.42) and a nonsignificant retroclination in the FMP group (−1.49 ± 4.70). The failure rate of the miniplates was reported to be 13.3%. The use of miniplates with the FFRD was successful in increasing the effective mandibular length in Class II malocclusion subjects in the short term. The miniplate-anchored FFRD eliminated the unfavorable mandibular incisor proclination in contrast to the conventional FFRD.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/062618-478.1
To evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by the Mandibular Anterior Repostioning Appliance (MARA) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion in adolescent patients. Lateral cephalograms of 24 patients, mean age 12.40 years, with a Class II malocclusion consecutively treated with MARA were compared with a historical control group. Changes were evaluated using the Pancherz superimposition and grid analysis pre- and posttreatment. Independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were performed. Significant differences were seen between the treatment and control groups during the 12 month period. Improvement in Class II relationship in the MARA group resulted from skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. There was a 7-mm molar correction and a 4.7-mm overjet reduction. There was also an increase in the mandibular base of 3.3 mm with the lower molar and incisor coming forward 2.6 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively. No significant headgear effect was shown on the maxilla. The maxillary incisor position remained unchanged, whereas the molar distalized 1.8 mm. The anterior lower facial height had an overall increase of 2.2 mm. The MARA was successful in achieving a Class I molar relationship and reducing the overjet in Class II malocclusions. This was the result of both skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/031618-211.1
To determine whether the success rate and primary stability of surface-treated miniscrews differ from those of nontreated miniscrews. Patients who required one or more miniscrews for the same reason in each quadrant were recruited into a single-blinded, split-mouth, randomized, controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Self-drilling miniscrews with two surface types were used: those with no surface treatment, and those with an acid-etched surface treatment. The cumulative success rate and primary stability of each type of miniscrew were examined, and factors potentially affecting the success and failure of miniscrews were investigated. Forty patients were included in the study, with a total of 98 orthodontic miniscrews. The overall success rate was 88.8%, and the respective success rates for acid-etched and machined surface miniscrews were 91.8% and 85.7%. The respective mean insertion torques were 13.62 ± 5.95 N·cm and 13.38 ± 4 N·cm, and periotest values measured immediately after insertion were −0.50 ± 2.77 for acid-etched miniscrews and −0.28 ± 3.36 for machined surface miniscrews. There was no significant difference in the mean insertion torques and periotest values according to surface treatment and jaw. Neither the success rate nor the primary stability of acid-etched surface miniscrews and machined surface miniscrews differed significantly. There is a high possibility that miniscrews will fall out in patients who have an open bite or those who require total distalization.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/061118-437.1
To evaluate stresses on maxillary teeth during alignment of a palatally impacted canine (PIC) under different loading conditions with forces applied in vertical and buccal directions. A three-dimensional finite element model of the maxilla was developed from a cone beam computed tomographic scan of a patient with a left PIC. Traction was simulated under different setups: (1) palatal spring extending from a transpalatal bar (TPB) anchored on the first molars (M1) and alternatively combined with different archwires (0.016 × 0.022-inch; 0.018 × 0.025-inch) with and without engaging second molars and (2) a buccal force against 0.018-inch, 0.016 × 0.022-inch, and 0.018 × 0.025-inch archwires with and without engaging the left lateral incisor (I2). Without fixed appliances, stresses were assumed by M1; with fixed appliances, stresses were distributed on all teeth, decreasing mesially toward the midline. Direct buccal pull exerted most stress on neighboring I2 (19–20% with different wire sizes) and first premolar (12–17%), decreasing distally, along a similar pattern with different archwire sizes. When I2 was bypassed, stresses on adjacent teeth increased only by 3–6%. Higher stresses occurred with the lighter round wire. This first research on stresses on adjacent teeth during PIC traction provided needed quantitative data on the pattern of stress generation, suggesting the following clinical implications: use of distal-vertical pull from posterior anchorage (TPB) as initial movement and when using a buccal force, bypassing the lateral incisor and using heavier wires that would minimize side effects.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/061218-439.1
To investigate the potential cytotoxicity of the bracket identification dyes commonly used in orthodontic fixed appliances. Six bracket brands representing the market in various aspects were selected. Ten sets of each bracket brand were acquired, and the identification dyes on them were scraped. They were tested for cytotoxicity at three different levels of concentration (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL), with the aid of a real-time cell analysis system. The results were compared within and between the groups. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. None of the six investigated dyes displayed cytotoxicity at the 2.5 mg/mL concentration. Of the investigated brands, three at 5 mg/mL and four at 10 mg/mL displayed cytotoxicity. Some of the identification dyes in this study did display cytotoxicity at the higher concentrations tested. Alternative methods for bracket identification should be considered.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/060818-429.1
To evaluate long-term light transmittance, surface roughness, and flexural modulus of polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer material after exposure to different cleaning methods. Standardized polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer specimens (n = 70, 50.8 mm × 12.7 mm × 1.0 mm) were subjected to seven chemical cleaning solutions: Invisalign cleaning crystals, Retainer Brite, Polident, Listerine mouthwash, 2.5% acetic acid, 0.6% NaClO, and 3% H2O2 for 6 months. The specimens were exposed to the different solutions twice a week for 15 minutes or according to manufacturer's instructions, then stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Another group of specimens (n = 10) were brushed with a standardized toothbrushing machine for 2 minutes twice a week. At baseline and 6 months, light transmittance, surface roughness, and flexural modulus of the specimens were quantified using spectrophotometry, profilometry and three-point bend testing, respectively. Qualitative analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of .05. The results showed that light transmittance decreased significantly from baseline for all cleaning methods at 6 months. For an individual method, no significant differences were observed between specimens at baseline and 6 months in surface roughness and flexural modulus. No discernible differences in surface features were observed on SEM images. The results indicate that different cleaning methods affect the long-term light transmittance of the studied polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer material. However, for an individual cleaning method, no significant differences were shown for surface roughness or flexural modulus values at 6-months compared to baseline.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/072018-526.1
To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) illumination compared to conventional white light in the detection of fluorescent-tagged adhesive remnants during orthodontic debonding. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars using one of two bonding resins having fluorescent properties (Pad Lock, Reliance Orthodontics, Itasca, Ill; Opal Bond MV, Opal Orthodontics, South Jordan, Utah; n = 40 each). The brackets were then debonded and, in each adhesive group, half the teeth had the remaining adhesive resin removed under illumination using the operatory light and the other half using a UV (395 nm) light emitting diode (LED) flashlight (n = 20/group). Time for teeth cleanup was recorded. Follow-up images were obtained under a dissecting microscope using UV illumination, and the surface area of adhesive remnants was calculated. Effectiveness of adhesive removal was also assessed using scanning electron microscopy imaging. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze time and adhesive remnants, respectively. Assessment using the dissecting microscope found groups using UV light during adhesive removal had statistically significantly lower amounts of adhesive remnants than groups using white light (P ≤ .01). Time for adhesive removal was significantly lower with Opal Bond MV adhesive using UV light when compared with the white light (P ≤ .01). Assessment by scanning electron microscopy showed that thin remnants of adhesive (<2 μm) remained undetected by UV illumination. UV light is more effective and tends to be more efficient than white light in the detection of fluorescent adhesive during orthodontic debonding. Although there are limitations, the use of UV LED lighting is a practical tool that aids in adhesive detection.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/052318-392.1
To evaluate the effects of the Indium Gallium Arsenide Phosphoride (InGaAsP) diode laser at different energy levels on orthopedically expanded midpalatal sutures of rats. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and low-, moderate-, and high-level laser groups with amounts of energy irradiated at 0 J, 18 J, 42 J, and 60 J, respectively. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the schedule of sacrifice (7 and 21 days). Laser application (940 ± 10 nm, 0.1 W) was completed twice weekly until sacrifice. The number of osteoblasts (OB), osteocytes (OC), and vessels (V); area of connective tissue (CT); inflammation (IN); and newly formed bone (NB); as well as the ratio of newly formed bone to the total bone area (N/T) were evaluated statistically at a significance level of P < .05. For the low-level laser group, OB, NB, and N/T were significantly higher, and CT was lower, on both the 7th and 21st days. The amount of OC was significantly higher in the low-level laser group compared with the control group on the 7th day and the control and high-level laser groups on the 21st day. The IN was significantly higher for the high-level group on the 21st day compared with other groups. Both the moderate-level and high-level laser groups possessed fewer vessels than the low-level laser group on the 21st day. The InGaAsP laser at the low dosage induced a favorable effect on bone formation in the orthopedically expanded midpalatal suture of rats.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/061118-438.1
To investigate the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of cementoblasts under compressive force. Mouse cementoblasts were exposed to compression (1.5 g/cm2) for 8 hours. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to compare the transcriptomes of the compressed and control cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate five of the differentially expressed lncRNAs of interest. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were also performed. A total of 70 lncRNAs and 521 mRNAs were differentially regulated in cementoblasts subjected to compressive loading. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, 57 were upregulated and 13 downregulated. The expression levels of the five selected lncRNAs (Prkcz2, Hklos, Trp53cor1, Gdap10, and Ak312-ps) were validated by qRT-PCR and consistent with the RNA-seq results. GO functional annotation demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with cellular response to hypoxia and apoptotic processes during compressive loading. KEGG analysis identified the crucial pathways involving the hypoxia-inducing factor-1α, forkhead box O, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Mechanical compression changes the lncRNA expression profile of cementoblasts, providing important references for further investigation into the role and regulation of lncRNAs in compressed cementoblasts and root resorption during orthodontic treatment.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/052518-398.1
To evaluate if there is a true skeletal asymmetry of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible in growing individuals with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC) either functional or not. This cross-sectional study screened a total of 1120 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final sample comprised 20 CBCT images of individuals with UPC and 19 CBCT images of individuals without transverse malocclusion. The lengths of the condylar and coronoid processes were measured to evaluate asymmetry, as well as the magnitude of the mandibular lateral deviation in the UPC group. There was a significant difference between the lengths of the affected and nonaffected sides of the coronoid processes in the UPC group (P < .01). The same was not observed in the condyle in the UPC group (P > .05). There were no significant differences between the groups (P > .05). Although no differences in the condyle were observed, the coronoid process was asymmetric in individuals with UPC. However, this asymmetry was not considered to be clinically significant.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/052218-386.1
To investigate the time and pattern of fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in patients with skeletal Class I and Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 262 CBCT images were collected: 140 skeletal Class I (0° < ANB < 4°; 71 males, 69 females) and 122 skeletal Class III (ANB ≤ 0°; 61 males and 61 females). The fusion stages were identified using CBCT images of a six-stage system defined by the appearance of osseous cores and ossifying vestige in the synchondrosis. The age distributions of each stage and the pattern of fusion were evaluated. The stages of fusion progressed with increasing age (P < .05, r = .824), and the age distributions in the female groups were generally 1 to 3 years younger than those in the male groups. However, no significant differences were observed between the skeletal Class I and Class III groups regarding the time of ossification of the synchondrosis. The osseous cores appeared most frequently in the supero-center part, followed by the mid-center part of the synchondrosis. The time and pattern of fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis are not apparently different between patients with Class I malocclusion and those with Class III malocclusion. The osseous cores appear frequently in the supero-center and mid-center of the synchondrosis with various patterns before the end of the pubertal growth spurt period.ABSTRACT
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Viscoelastic properties of human periodontal ligament: Effects of the loading frequency and location
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DOI: 10.2319/062818-481.1
To determine the viscoelastic properties of the human periodontal ligament (PDL) using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This study was carried out on three human maxillary jaw segments containing six upper central incisors and four lateral incisors. DMA was used to investigate the mechanical response of the human PDL. Dynamic sinusoidal loading was carried out with an amplitude of 3 N and frequencies between 0.5 Hz and 10 Hz. All samples were grouped by tooth positions and longitudinal locations. An increase of oscillation frequency resulted in marked changes in the storage and loss moduli of the PDL. The storage modulus ranged from 0.808 MPa to 7.274 MPa, and the loss modulus varied from 0.087 MPa to 0.891 MPa. The tanδ, representing the ratio between viscosity and elasticity, remained constant with frequency. The trends for storage and loss moduli were described by exponential fits. The dynamic moduli of the central incisor were higher than those of the lateral incisor. The PDL samples from the gingival third of the root showed lower storage and loss moduli than those from the middle third of the root. Human PDL is viscoelastic through the range of frequencies tested: 0.5–10 Hz. The viscoelastic relationship changed with respect to frequency, tooth position, and root level.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/062518-477.1
To evaluate the association between resident selection criteria, including Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, and student performance in an orthodontic residency program. This retrospective study evaluated the academic records of 70 orthodontic residency graduates from the Indiana University School of Dentistry. The following demographic and scholastic data were extracted from the student academic records: applicant age, gender, ethnicity, race, country of origin, dental school graduation year, GRE score, and graduate orthodontic grade point average (GPA). In addition, student American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) written examination quintiles were obtained from the ABO. Scatterplots, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was established at .05 for the study. No associations were found with any component of the GRE, except with the quantitative GRE section, which displayed a weak association with ABO module 2 scores. Dental school GPA demonstrated weak correlations with all ABO modules and moderate correlations with overall and didactic orthodontic GPAs. When assessing demographic factors, significant differences (P < .05) were observed, with the following groups demonstrating higher performance on certain ABO modules: age (younger), race (whites), and country of origin (US citizens). Findings suggest the GRE has no association with student performance in an orthodontic residency. However, dental school GPA and/or class rank appear to be the strongest scholastic predictors of residency performance.ABSTRACT
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Systematic Review
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DOI: 10.2319/051818-373.1
To investigate whether adhesive precoated brackets (APC) are more efficient than operator-coated brackets (OPC) regarding failure rate, bonding time, patient experience, gingival health, plaque accumulation, and white spot lesion formation. Five online databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for potential eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A Google Scholar and gray literature search was undertaken. References of included studies were screened for potential eligible studies. Results were collated from each database and modified Cochrane data extraction forms were completed. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for RCTs. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. All reported failure rates using metal brackets for both APC and OPC systems except one that compared clear APC to clear OPC. Three studies reported bonding time differences between the bracket systems. A quantitative synthesis of four studies reporting failure and three reporting bonding time was undertaken. Random effect meta-analysis determined there were no statistically significant differences in bond failures between bracket systems with an odds ratio of 0.890 (P = .808). Bonding time showed a statistically significant (P = .01) but not clinically significant shorter bonding time with OPC. There was insufficient evidence to assess plaque accumulation, gingival health, and either patient or operator experience. There is no superiority of either bracket system regarding failure rate. OPC are statistically significantly superior over APC in bonding time although this is most likely not clinically significant.ABSTRACT
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Case Report
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DOI: 10.2319/030718-189.1
This report illustrates the successful nonsurgical and nonprosthetic camouflage treatment of a skeletal Class II open bite malocclusion combined with missing mandibular first molars bilaterally. In the mandible, the second and third molars were uprighted and protracted, substituting for the missing first molars. In the maxilla, anterior bodily retraction and full-arch intrusion were achieved following premolar and second molar extraction, which also induced autorotation of the mandible. The treatment outcome and prognosis were confirmed with three-dimensional superimposition techniques, along with long-term stability.ABSTRACT
Guest Editorial
Additional
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Accuracy of panoramic radiography in diagnosing maxillary sinus-root relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Wentian Sun, Kai Xia, Li Tang, Chenlu Liu, Ling Zou, Jun Liu. The Angle Orthodontist. 2018;88:819–829. We congratulate the authors for their commendable work on this study. We think there is an anatomical explanation of your conclusions and hope to get your opinion. The main drawback of panoramic radiography is superimposition. When the root is located below the maxillary sinus, the images of the root and the maxillary sinus are nonoverlapping and can be accurately distinguished, just
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Response to: Accuracy of panoramic radiography in diagnosing maxillary sinus-root relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Wentian Sun, Kai Xia, Li Tang, Chenlu Liu, Ling Zou, Jun Liu. The Angle Orthodontist. 2018;88:819–829. Thank you very much for your interest in our article. We appreciate your insightful question and valuable suggestions. In the study, to evaluate the robustness of the synthesized results, we investigated potential sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression analysis. Among the six factors investigated, only tooth type was statistically significant in affecting the diagnostic efficacy for type I sinus-root relationship (SRR)
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To Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Effect of continuous versus intermittent orthodontic forces on root resorption: A microcomputed tomography study by Nurhat Ozkalayci; Ersan Ilsay Karadeniz; Selma Elekdag-Turk; Tamer Turk; Lam L. Cheng; M. Ali Darendeliler. Angle Orthod. 2018; 88: 733–739. We want to praise Dr. Darendeliler and his group for another excellent short-term in-vivo study on orthodontic root resorption, published in the November 2018 issue of The Angle Orthodontist. We would like to clarify that the defense mechanism (DM), previously termed as 'orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption'1 and, later replaced by the
To Editor: The Angle Orthodontist Response to: Effect of continuous versus intermittent orthodontic forces on root resorption: A microcomputed tomography study by Nurhat Ozkalayci; Ersan Ilsay Karadeniz; Selma Elekdag-Turk; Tamer Turk; Lam L. Cheng; M. Ali Darendeliler., Angle Orthod 2018; 88: 733-739. We thank Drs Brezniak and Wasserstein for their comments. We believe that the best explanation of hard tissues reacting under mechanical loading was defined by Frost1,2 where he underlined upper and lower thresholds indicating where the bone remodelling starts and where pathologic reactions occur. “Defense mechanism” mentioned by Drs Brezniak and
This listing of academic opportunities is provided as a free service to the profession and the community. Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health Postgraduate Orthodontic Program Send CV, Statement of Academic Objectives, Names & Addresses of 3 References to hraz@atsu.edu. Rank: Full Time Assistant Professor Requirements: DDS or DMD & Certificate in Orthodontics from US or Canadian CODA Accredited Program. University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics 155 Fifth Street San Francisco, CA 94103 Apply: https://pacific.peopleadmin.com/hr/postings/10630 The Department of Orthodontics at the University of the Pacific,ARIZONA
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Anonymous Sheldon Peck and Leena Peck American Association of Orthodontists' Foundation Gary R. Baughman Robert J. and Delores E. Isaacson David L. Cruikshank Mithran S. Goonewardne/Orthodontics at The University of Western Australia David R. Musich Richard Simms Wick Alexander Jimmy C. Boley Phillip M. Campbell and Susan Wunderlich Ronald L. Champion Milt Chan Chris Chang David John DeFranco Peter Greco Joseph T. Hicken Kenneth Kai Garrett R. Kawata Steven J. Lindauer Richard P. McLaughlin and Paul Upatham Midwest Angle Component Northern CaliforniaHERITAGE CIRCLE
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Lip incompetence resolved by active vertical control in nonsurgical treatment of a protrusion case with vertical maxillary excess
Johnny JL Liaw,
Jae Hyun Park,
Fang Fang Tsai,
Betty MY Tsai, and
Wendy WT Liao
Changes in glenoid fossa of adult female patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion during premolar extraction treatment and mini-implant anchorage: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Xiao-Chuan Fan,
Lin-Sha Ma,
Marco Aoqi Rausch,
Li Chen,
Qing Zhang,
Diwakar Singh,
Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, and
Xiao-Feng Huang
Differences in the cooperation of teenagers for orthodontic treatment: Z Generation versus Y Generation
Nitsan Miron,
Nir Shpack,
Michael V. Joachim, and
Amir Laviv
Miniscrew-assisted slow palatal expansion with bone borne expander in adult patients: a case control study on consecutively treated patients
Niki Arveda,
Marco Migliorati,
Anna De Mari,
Filippo Forin Valvecchi,
Irene Schiavetti,
Fabio Annarumma,
Giovanni Battista, and
Hussein Aghazada
Influence of personalized replacement protocol and low-level laser therapy combined with vibration on tooth movement rate and tooth movement accuracy in clear aligner treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Zeyao Miao,
Liling Ren,
Haijuan Zhang,
Chengdong Zheng,
Yuxuan Yang,
Jinyuan Zhu,
Yandong Han, and
Shuang Wang
eISSN: 1945-7103 | ISSN: 0003-3219
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