Newton's Laws of Motion (1687)1 were a 267-year-old technology when James J. Baldwin (JJB) began his orthodontics training at Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD) in 1954. Despite some previous reports of elementary mechanics around the turn of the century,2 the first formal introduction of Newton's Laws of Motion1 to orthodontics was in 19173 by an engineer, GD (Gilbert Dudley) Fish.4,5 Unfortunately, these seminal concepts remained foreign to clinical orthodontics until
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DOI: 10.2319/090418-646.1
To compare achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors in first premolar extraction cases treated with Invisalign. The present study included 30 patients who received maxillary first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. The actual posttreatment model was registered with the pretreatment model on the palatal stable region and superimposed with the virtual posttreatment model. Achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors were compared using paired t-test. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were used to explore the influence of age (adolescents vs adults), attachment (G6-optimized vs 3-mm vertical, 3-mm horizontal, and 5-mm horizontal), and initial crowding on the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement (DPATM). First molars achieved greater mesial tipping, mesial translation, and intrusion than predicted. Central incisors achieved less retraction and greater lingual crown torque and extrusion than predicted. Adolescents showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of first molars and labiolingual translation of central incisors and smaller DPATM in the occlusogingival translation of the first molars and crown torque of the central incisors than adults. The 3-mm vertical attachment group showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of the first molars vs the G6-optimized attachment group. Initial crowding had an inverse correlation with DPATM in angulation and mesiodistal translation of the first molars. First molar anchorage control and central incisor retraction were not fully achieved as predicted in first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. Age, attachment, and initial crowding affected the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/092718-697.1
To investigate the treatment efficacy and follow-up stability of the asymmetric Forsus appliance by evaluating longitudinal changes in dental arch asymmetry on digital dental models from 21 patients. Maxillary and mandibular reference lines were used for measurements of intra-arch asymmetry at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 4.2 years after treatment (T3). Maxillary and mandibular measurements were performed relative to the dental midline and anterior reference line on digital dental models. To determine the amount of asymmetry between the Class I and Class II sides of a given arch, all maxillary and mandibular parameters were measured on each side of the model separately. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/paired sample t-tests were performed to evaluate dental arch asymmetries at the P < .05 level. The alveolar transverse dimensions of the posterior segment of both arches were increased during treatment (P < .05) and remained stable during the retention period. Class II subdivision malocclusion was caused by distal positioning of the mandibular canine, premolars, and first molar on the Class II side (P < .05). Asymmetry was resolved by treatment with asymmetric Forsus appliances. The resolved asymmetry remained stable over the long term. There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 (P > .05). The asymmetric Forsus appliance can be used to treat dental arch asymmetry in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusions.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/111418-809.1
To compare forced-eruption times for palatally impacted canines treated with and without the ostectomy-decortication technique and to assess the influence of palatally impacted canine pretreatment position and angle on forced-eruption time. The sample was composed of 118 patient-subjects with 151 palatally impacted canines treated with the ostectomy-decortication technique (n = 72) and without (n = 79). The orthopantomogram radiographs (OPGs) were analyzed for palatally impacted canine angle and horizontal and vertical position. Recovery time was measured from the start of forced eruption until the canine was within ±1 mm of final dental arch position. The time of forced canine eruption with ostectomy-decortication technique was significantly shorter than without (6.6 vs 21.0 months). Pretreatment canine position significantly increased forced-eruption time in the ostectomy-decortication group but not in the control sample. Forced-eruption time of palatally impacted canines using the ostectomy-decortication technique was 3.2 times more rapid than without. Forced-eruption time increased significantly as a function of pretreatment palatally impacted canine position severity in the ostectomy-decortication group but not in the control.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/091018-661.1
To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with its growth factors in minimizing the side effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the periodontal tissue of anchoring teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A randomized, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients aged 12–16 years (14 ± 1.65) with a skeletal maxillary constriction who underwent RME using a Hyrax appliance. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control sides. PRP was prepared and injected on the buccal aspect of supporting teeth in the intervention group. High-resolution CBCT imaging (H-CBCT) was carried out preoperatively (T0) and after 3 months of retention (T1) to study the buccal bone plate thickness (BBPT) and buccal bone crest level (BBCL) of anchoring teeth. Changes induced by expansion were evaluated using paired sample t-test (P < .05). Results showed that there was no significant difference in BBPT and BBCL between the two groups after RME (P > .05). The prevalence of dehiscence and fenestrations was increased at (T1) in both groups and the percentage was higher in the PRP group. RME induced vertical and horizontal bone loss. PRP did not minimize alveolar defects after RME.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/070518-504.1
To assess alterations in respiratory muscle strength and inspiratory and expiratory peak flow, as well as skeletal and dental changes in patients diagnosed with transverse maxillary deficiency before and after microimplant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE). Twenty patients (13 female and 7 male) were assessed by respiratory tests in three different periods: T0 initial, T1 immediately after expansion, and T2 after 5 months. Tests included: maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), oral expiratory peak flow, and inspiratory nasal flow. Cone-beam computed tomography measurements were performed in the maxillary arch, nasal cavity, and airway before and immediately after expansion. There was a significant increase in MIP between T0 and T2 and MEP between T0 and T1 (P<.05). Oral and nasal peak flow increased immediately after and 5 months later, especially in patients with initial signs of airway obstruction (P<.05). In addition, after expansion there was a significant enlargement of the nasal cavity, alveolar bone, and interdental widths at the premolar and molar region. Molars tipped buccally (P<.05) but no difference was found in premolar inclination. MARPE increased airway volume significantly. Skeletal changes promoted by MARPE directly affected airway volume, resulting in a significant improvement in muscle strength and nasal and oral peak flow.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/081118-592.1
To determine the diagnostic value of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in predicting palatal implant (PI) loss. RFA values of 32 patients (study center at Mainz and Dresden) were evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial addressing clinical performance of two loading concepts on PI (Orthosystem, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland). Group 1: conventional loading after a 12-week healing period vs group 2: immediate loading within one week after insertion. Stability was assessed by RFA after surgical insertion (T1), one week (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) later. All 32 PI were clinically stable after surgical insertion; 14 PI were loaded conventionally and 18 immediately. One implant in group 1 was lost 6 weeks after insertion. One drop-out was registered in group 2. One false positive and three false negative implant stability quotients (ISQ) were observed. ISQ values of clinically stable PI in group 1 were 67.2 (SD ± 9.5) at T1, 62.3 (SD ± 11.7) at T2, and 68.2 (SD ± 5.5) at T3. Group 2 showed 67.1 (SD ± 11.7) at T1, 65.4 (SD ± 10.4) at T2, and 72.3 (SD ± 5.6) at T3. Differences between groups were not statistically significant for starting time (P = .88) and change from T1 to T2: 0.08 but were significant from T1 to T3: P = .04; (regression analysis). RFA had no sensitivity for prediction of stability. General decrease after primary stability and increase with secondary stability gives support for specificity. Within the limits of the study, only the diagnostic value of RFA identifying stable palatal implants could be confirmed.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/100218-710.1
To investigate the reliability and accuracy of a monitoring system in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with a rapid maxillary expander. Specifically, the amount of tooth movement calculated by the software was compared with the actual measurements taken on plaster models obtained during an in-office visit. Patients took intraoral video scans using the monitoring software's smartphone application (Dental Monitoring, Paris, France), immediately followed by impressions for plaster models. Intercanine and intermolar width measurements were calculated by the software and compared with those made on the plaster models. Data were analyzed using two one-sided t-tests for equivalence with equivalence bounds of ±0.5 mm. The significance level was set at .05. Thirty sets of measurements were compared. The intercanine and intermolar measurement differences were on average 0.17 mm and −0.02 mm, respectively, and were deemed equivalent. The monitoring software seems to provide an accurate assessment of linear tooth movements.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/100618-724.1
To compare the accuracy of bonding orthodontic attachments in a digital environment with the direct bonding procedure depending on the level of the orthodontist's clinical experience. A total of 1120 artificial teeth of 40 identical models (20 solid sets + 20 digital sets) were divided into four groups: (1) direct bonding (experienced clinicians). (2) direct bonding (postgraduate students), (3) virtual bonding (experienced clinicians), and (4) virtual bonding (postgraduate students). The differences in individual position of the placed attachments were measured after three-dimensional superimposition of the models using customized software. In the interoperator comparison, experienced clinicians were more exact than postgraduate students in virtual bonding in the angular dimension. Between the bonding techniques, virtual bonding was more accurate than the direct technique. The prevalence of errors was higher in the direct procedure than virtual bonding, and the errors were more significant in the premolar and molar teeth. Clinical experience had a positive influence in achieving a higher rate of correctness/accuracy in the angular dimension only during virtual bonding. Virtual bonding was more accurate than direct bonding in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Early diagnosis of errors in the bonding positions of attachments could be of benefit to both clinicians and patients by predicting discrepancies that may lead to undesirable orthodontic movements.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/072918-547.1
To determine the best bonding method of orthodontic attachment among monolithic zirconia, feldspathic porcelain, hybrid porcelain, and the impact of surface-conditioning methods using a three-dimensional optical profilometer after debonding. 56 feldspathic porcelain, 56 monolithic zirconia, and 56 hybrid porcelain samples were divided into four surface treatment subgroups: (1) hydrofluoric (HF) acid etch + silane, (2) Al2O3 sandblasting + silane, (3) silicoating (SiO2), and (4) diamond bur + silane. The specimens were tested to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS). Residual composite was removed after debonding. Three-dimensional white-light interferometry was used to obtain quantitative measurements on surface roughness. The highest SBS value was found for the HF acid–etched feldspathic porcelain group. The average surface roughness values were significantly higher in all material groups in which diamond bur was applied, while roughening with Cojet provided average surface roughness values closer to the original material surface. Variations in structures of the materials and roughening techniques affected the SBS and surface roughness findings.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/092018-684.1
To evaluate the precision of the virtual occlusal record using the Carestream CS3600 Intraoral Scanner (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, Ga). A total of 20 participants were recruited for this prospective study using preestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria. A complete intraoral scan and two bite registrations were obtained. The participants were instructed to bite with normal pressure when bite registrations were acquired. Contact locations, size (circumference), and intensity were identified on the maxillary first molars and canines. Agreement between contact size and intensity was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. Kappa statistics evaluated agreement in contact locations. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. All participant data were included for statistical analysis. Between the two bite registrations, nonstatistically significant differences were observed in the proportion of locations with contacts (P = .7681). A nonstatistically significant difference (−0.25 mm, P = .8416) in mean contact circumference size was observed. A statistically significant difference in mean contact intensity was observed (P = .0448). When evaluating agreement between the bite registrations, a weak correlation for size (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.35) and intensity (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.32) was observed as well as a moderate agreement for contact location (κ coefficient = 0.67). The findings suggest that the Carestream intraoral scanner software possesses adequate precision when acquiring the location and size of the contacts in bite registrations. The scanner failed to demonstrate adequate precision when acquiring contact intensities in bite registrations. Additional research is warranted to further investigate the precision of virtual occlusal records with currently available software systems.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/082018-612.1
To quantify reliability of three-dimensional skeletal landmarks and a comprehensive set of dental landmarks in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to determine the shapes of envelope of error. Three judges located 31 skeletal landmarks and 60 dental landmarks on the pre- and posttreatment CBCT images of 22 patients. Landmark error was determined by calculating the distance of deviation of landmark locations around their average. Standard deviation and mean radial spherical error were calculated. Scatterplots were constructed to characterize envelope of error. The midline landmarks of the cranial base were highly reliable. Bilateral skeletal landmarks tended to have larger error than midline landmarks. Among the nonconventional landmarks, fronto-zygomatic suture, condyle, and mental foramen showed relatively high reliability. However, foramen spinosum and temporal fossa showed larger errors. Gonion was the least reliable landmark. Most dental landmarks were located more reliably than skeletal landmarks. The highest reliability was found at incisal edges. Mesiobuccal cusp of first molars also showed high reliability. There were differences in the size and shape of the distributions of errors of different landmarks. Most landmarks showed elongated envelopes. Bilateral structures tended to show greater errors than midline structures. Most dental landmarks were more reliable than skeletal landmarks.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/100518-717.1
To identify the most characteristic variables out of a large number of anatomic landmark variables on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images. A modified principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify which anatomic structures would demonstrate the major variabilities that would most characterize the patient. Data were collected from 217 patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusions who had undergone orthognathic surgery. The input variables were composed of a total of 740 variables consisting of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates and their Euclidean distances of 104 soft tissue and 81 hard tissue landmarks identified on the CT images. A statistical method, a modified PCA based on the penalized matrix decomposition, was performed to extract the principal components. The first 10 (8 soft tissue, 2 hard tissue) principal components from the 740 input variables explained 63% of the total variance. The most conspicuous principal components indicated that groups of soft tissue variables on the nose, lips, and eyes explained more variability than skeletal variables did. In other words, these soft tissue components were most representative of the differences among the Class III patients. On three-dimensional images, soft tissues had more variability than the skeletal anatomic structures. In the assessment of three-dimensional facial variability, a limited number of anatomic landmarks being used today did not seem sufficient. Nevertheless, this modified PCA may be used to analyze orthodontic three-dimensional images in the future, but it may not fully express the variability of the patients.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/080118-556.1
To investigate the influence of incisal edge asymmetry of the maxillary central incisors on dentofacial esthetics among orthodontists, prosthodontists, and laypersons using video analysis. Full-face films of a 52-year-old afro-descendant woman displaying various levels of incisal wear in the esthetic zone were captured. An acrylic resin mockup was made of the maxillary anterior region, enabling the reproduction of an attractive smile and restoring tooth wear. Four different levels of incisal asymmetry between the upper central incisors in 0.5 mm increments were prepared from this mockup. A film was made for each level of asymmetry (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) and one with no asymmetry, with the patient repeating a sentence, totaling five films. After a pilot study and sample calculation, the films were evaluated by 138 examiners: 46 orthodontists, 46 laypeople, and 46 prosthodontists. Each examiner evaluated the dentofacial esthetics of each film using visual analog scales. Data collected were statistically analyzed. Highest scores were awarded to the film with no asymmetry between upper centrals and the one with 0.5 mm of asymmetry. The asymmetries of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm had the lowest scores from all three groups. The results of this video analysis indicate that asymmetries equal to or greater than 1.0 mm between the upper central incisors edges jeopardize dentofacial esthetics.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/090518-651.1
To evaluate and compare the detection of gubernacular canals (GC) and their characteristics in normal and abnormal tooth eruption. Patients with unerupted teeth were classified according to sex and age. Each tooth was classified according to dental group, eruption status, formation status, angulation, and GC detection. The opening of the GC in the alveolar crest and the attachment sites in relation to the dental follicle were assessed. Data were analyzed by the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%. Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 159 patients were evaluated. The final sample (N = 598) consisted of 423 teeth with normal eruption, 140 impacted teeth, and 35 teeth with delayed eruption. The overall detection rate of GC was 90.6%. These rates were 94.1%, 87.1%, and 62.9% for normal eruption, impacted teeth, and delayed eruption, respectively. GC detection rates were higher in the early stages of tooth formation in normal tooth eruption and in impacted teeth. The rate of GC detection was even lower in delayed teeth when they were angulated. Unusual attachment sites of the GC to the dental follicle were associated with abnormal eruption status. The results of the present study suggest that GC characteristics may indicate an abnormal eruption status.ABSTRACT
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Correlation between pain and hyalinization during tooth movement induced by different types of force
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DOI: 10.2319/041118-273.1
To evaluate the correlation between pain and tissue reactions during induced tooth movement (ITM). Forty-two male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus; ∼90 days of age, 300 g) were used. The animals were divided into seven groups of six rats each: one control group and six experimental groups subjected to ITM by continuous force (CF) or interrupted continuous force (ICF) for 1, 3, and 5 days. Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament (PL) and occurrence of pain were observed. Animal behavior (walking, climbing, immobile posture, resting/sleeping, and directed face grooming) and the presence of chemical mediators associated with nociception, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the PL were analyzed. There was a moderate positive correlation between hyalinization and the presence of COX-2 (rs = 0.404; P < .05) and IL-1β (rs = 0.429; P < .05). There was a moderate negative correlation between hyalinization and exploratory behaviors (walking, r = −0.586, P < .01; climbing, r = −0.573, P < .01), and a moderate positive correlation between hyalinization and resting/sleeping (r = 0.467; P < .01). The results suggest a correlation between pain and undesirable tissue reactions in ITM.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/090418-645.1
To evaluate the amount of hyalinization and root resorption after application of light and heavy forces during corticotomy-assisted tooth movement. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. Eight animals were the control group (day 0). The other 40 animals were randomly divided into two groups using the split-mouth technique: (1) corticotomy combined light force (CLF) and (2) corticotomy combined heavy force (CHF). Nickel-titanium closed coil springs that generated 10 g (light force) and 50 g (heavy force) were used for maxillary first molar movement. three-dimensional root volume was evaluated at 0, 14, and 28 days. Percent hyalinization was analyzed at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days by histomorphometric analysis. The CHF group showed significantly lower cervical root volume than the CLF group at 28 days. Compared with day 0, the CHF group showed significantly less root volume in both distobuccal and distopalatal roots at 28 days. The hyalinization percentages in the CHF group were significantly higher than the CLF group at days 3 and 21. Heavy force combined with corticotomy produced more periodontal ligament hyalinization and root resorption than the light force combined with corticotomy.ABSTRACT
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DOI: 10.2319/072418-536.1
To investigate whether Forkhead family transcription factors are responsive to mechanical force and the resulting influence on the osteoclast differentiation mediated by human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). A high-throughput RNA sequencing assay was performed in compressive force–stimulated and control human PDLCs. Alteration of FOXM1, a member of the Forkhead family transcription factors, was further confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of FOXM1 was inhibited by either small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection or addition of its specific inhibitor Siomycin A. Then, cells were exposed to compressive force and co-cultured with the murine macrophage cell line Raw264.7, followed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining assay. Expression changes of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegetin (OPG) caused by FOXM1 suppression were measured. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, and crystal violet staining assay were performed after FOXM1 inhibition. FOXM1 transcription decreased after mechanical stimulation in PDLCs. Inhibition of FOXM1 promoted force-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 and upregulated the RANKL/OPG ratio in PDLCs. Interference of FOXM1 led to promoted osteogenic differentiation but decreased proliferation of PDLCs. FOXM1 is a novel mechano-responsive gene in human PDLCs. Suppressing FOXM1 expression could promote osteoclast differentiation as well as RANKL/OPG in human PDLCs. FOXM1 also plays a role in controlling PDLC differentiation and proliferation capacity.ABSTRACT
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Case Report
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DOI: 10.2319/020118-93.1
Lower incisor extraction is an effective option for treating lower anterior crowding in patients with a good facial profile, Class I molar occlusion, and narrow upper incisors. This report describes the successful treatment of an adolescent patient with lower anterior crowding and a transposed maxillary canine and premolar treated by extracting a lower incisor and keeping the transposed positions of the teeth. With the use of retainers, treatment results were stable up to the 2-year postretention visit. However, upon a 15-year postretention appointment, the fixed retainer had been removed and the removable retainer was no longer in use, which resulted in relapse of lower anterior alignment. Moreover, the transposed canine had extruded during this period, causing occlusal interference and gingival recession, as well as loss of tooth vitality, which indicates the importance of maintaining orthodontic retainers for long-term stable occlusion.ABSTRACT
Guest Editorial
Additional
To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Mini-implant supported canine retraction with micro-osteoperforation: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Saritha Sivarajan, Jennifer Geraldine Doss, Spyridon N. Papageorgiou, Martyn T. Cobourne and Mang Chek Wey. The Angle Orthodontist. 2019; 89: 183-189. Thank you for publishing this interesting study. In this study, sliding mechanics was used to retract the canines. It is known that retracting the canines with this method is relatively slow due to resistance of sliding (RS) throughout the course of movement. One of the most important components of RS is friction which can arise from ligation, binding of
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Response to: Mini-implant supported canine retraction with micro-osteoperforation: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Saritha Sivarajan, Jennifer Geraldine Doss, Spyridon N. Papageorgiou, Martyn T. Cobourne, Mang Chek Wey. The Angle Orthodontist. 2019; 89: 183-189 We thank our colleagues for their thoughtful remarks. Sliding mechanics were used in our study design because the intention was to simulate a clinical situation that is commonly employed. We used a split-mouth design whereby any resistance to sliding would have affected both the control and experimental sides. As our colleague mentioned, mechanical confounding factors would have handicapped
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Comparison of anterior retraction and anchorage control between en masse retraction and two-step retraction: A randomized prospective clinical trial. Patricia Pigato Schneider, Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior, Andre da Costa Monini, Ary dos Santos Pinto, Ki Beom Kim. The Angle Orthodontist. 2019 Mar;89(2):190-199 We thank the authors for publishing this clinical research comparing en masse retraction (ER) and two step retraction (TSR). This was an extensive clinical study and we have a few questions regarding the objectives and methodology: This study used 0.017″ x 0.025″ ss wires for both the ER and
To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Response to: Comparison of anterior retraction and anchorage control between en masse retraction and two-step retraction: A randomized prospective clinical trial. Patricia Pigato Schneider, Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior, André da Costa Monini, Ary dos Santos Pinto, Ki Beom Kim. The Angle Orthodontist. 2019 Mar;89(2):190-199. We were glad the authors enjoyed the article and we really appreciate their questions regarding our work that enriched the discussion around this subject. We believe selecting the size of archwire is up to personal preference. Our main goal was not to evaluate the type of movement
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: A comparison of treatment effects of total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate vs buccal miniscrews. Sang Kyu Lee; Noha H. Abbbas; Mohamed Bayome; Un-Bong Baik; Yoon-Ah Kook; Mihee Hong; Jae Hyun Park. The Angle Orthodontist. 2018;88: 45-51. The study by Lee et al. (doi: 10.2319/061917-406.1.) was very interesting and we appreciate the clinical part of the research. However, we would like further information regarding some aspects of the study. The paper stated that distalization was started immediately after placing MCPPs. In the buccal mini screw (BMS) group, distalization
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To: Editor, The Angle Orthodontist Re: Response to: A comparison of treatment effects of total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate vs buccal miniscrews. Sang Kyu Lee; Noha H. Abbbas; Mohamed Bayome; Un-Bong Baik; Yoon-Ah Kook; Mihee Hong; Jae Hyun Park. The Angle Orthodontist. 2018;88: 45-51. Thank you very much for your interest and comments on our study. Our response is as follows: We applied approximately 250 gm per side using a closed coil spring (or elastomeric chain) in the buccal miniscrew group. Average treatment duration was 32 ± 13.9 months for the MCPP group and 28.2
This listing of academic opportunities is provided as a free service to the profession and the community. Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health Postgraduate Orthodontic Program Send CV, Statement of Academic Objectives, Names & Addresses of 3 References to hraz@atsu.edu. Rank: Full Time Assistant Professor Requirements: DDS or DMD & Certificate in Orthodontics from US or Canadian CODA Accredited Program. University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics 155 5th Street San Francisco, CA 94103 Apply: https://pacific.peopleadmin.com/postings/14629 The Department of Orthodontics at the University of the Pacific,ARIZONA
CALIFORNIA
Lip incompetence resolved by active vertical control in nonsurgical treatment of a protrusion case with vertical maxillary excess
Johnny JL Liaw,
Jae Hyun Park,
Fang Fang Tsai,
Betty MY Tsai, and
Wendy WT Liao
Changes in glenoid fossa of adult female patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion during premolar extraction treatment and mini-implant anchorage: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Xiao-Chuan Fan,
Lin-Sha Ma,
Marco Aoqi Rausch,
Li Chen,
Qing Zhang,
Diwakar Singh,
Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, and
Xiao-Feng Huang
Differences in the cooperation of teenagers for orthodontic treatment: Z Generation versus Y Generation
Nitsan Miron,
Nir Shpack,
Michael V. Joachim, and
Amir Laviv
Miniscrew-assisted slow palatal expansion with bone borne expander in adult patients: a case control study on consecutively treated patients
Niki Arveda,
Marco Migliorati,
Anna De Mari,
Filippo Forin Valvecchi,
Irene Schiavetti,
Fabio Annarumma,
Giovanni Battista, and
Hussein Aghazada
Influence of personalized replacement protocol and low-level laser therapy combined with vibration on tooth movement rate and tooth movement accuracy in clear aligner treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Zeyao Miao,
Liling Ren,
Haijuan Zhang,
Chengdong Zheng,
Yuxuan Yang,
Jinyuan Zhu,
Yandong Han, and
Shuang Wang
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