Dr. Gamer is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Orthodontics at Indiana University School of Dentistry, and director of the Orthodontic Division of the Orofacial Clinic of the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children. He also maintains a private practice in Orthodontics in Indianapolis, Indiana. He holds D.D.S. and M.S.D. degrees from Indiana University. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics

Dr. Butt was a private practitioner of Dentistry in Nairobi, Kenya at the time of this study. He is now a full-time graduate student in a General Practice residency at Harvard School of Dentistry and Medicine in Boston. He is a Dental graduate (D.D.S.) of the University of Nairobi in Nairobi, Kenya