S. Goto, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; and Visiting Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics, University of California, San Francisco

R.L. Boyd is Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Growth & Development, University of California, San Francisco

I.L. Nielsen, Clinical Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Growth and Development, University of California, San Francisco

I. Iizuka, Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan